Mach 3.2 Mph - The top speed of the Cold War-era Blackbird was officially Mach 3.2, but the SR-71 was faster than that,” said the former Skunk Works engineer.
The Blackbird's top speed is officially Mach 3.2, but the SR-71 is faster than that," said the former Skunk Works engineer.
Mach 3.2 Mph
Schull's account of flight at Mach 3.5 or higher is the most complete source for the SR-71's top speed by Tim Yarrow, an electrical engineer at Lockheed's Skunk Works from 1974-1994.
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The SR-71 spy plane is the world's fastest jet-propelled aircraft and the most advanced member of the Blackbird family, developed by the secret "Skunk Works" division of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. The SR-71 accumulated nearly 2,800 hours of flight time during 24 years of service with the US Air Force. The aircraft was designed to fly into hostile territory, avoiding interception at very high speed and altitude.
During its service, the SR-71 provided intelligence on the Yom Kippur War in 1973, the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982, the US invasion of Libya in 1986, and the discovery of Iran's Silkworm missile batteries in 1987. The US Air Force closed it. SR-71 operation in January 1990.
The Blackbird is designed to cruise at "Mach 3+," three times the speed of sound, or more than 2,200 miles per hour, and at an altitude of 85,000 feet.
Now, as explained earlier, when talking about the SR-71, the Blackbird is often asked - how high is it and how fast does it fly?
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Blackbird pilot Brian Shull described a surveillance mission over Tripoli, Libya in April 1986 [click here to read how Brian Shull's SR-71 defeated Gaddafi's SAMs during the famous BDA flight over Libya in support of Operation El Dorado Canyon]. Bomb Damage Assessment (BDA) required photographic evidence after the US bombing in response to Gaddafi's terrorist attack on the Berlin disco. Satellites are not available for BDA to operate over Tripoli. It was for the surveillance mission that the SR-71 was designed, a quarter of a century ago.
The difference is that in 1986, the missile's capabilities increased significantly. Libya has done the same. As the Blackbird crossed the "Line of Death" into Libyan territory, co-pilot Schul alerted the launch of a ground-based missile, believed to be a Russian SAM, a Mach 5 aircraft capable of flying. The only thing the Blackbird pilot fears is the hideous little man.
Shull said he and his co-pilot calculated that they could turn Libya around to accomplish their surveillance goals, but only if they increased their speed. Because Blackbird surveillance missions are planned with speed, altitude, and fuel load in mind, traveling at speeds above Mach 3.2 is a pilot safety decision that is not part of pre-flight planning.
'The plane responds with smooth and confident power, delivering speeds that were previously subject to much theory and guesswork.'
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In the book Sled Driver, Shull found a missile launcher that was going down to Mach 3.5, so he pushed the throttles forward to a stop.
'Schull continued his 500-foot-per-minute climb (one-sixth of the pitch-up rate...do the math) and accelerated into the turn. The engine runs "relatively cool".'
Here's a quote from Major Brian Shull's book Sled Driver: 'After several exciting seconds, co-pilot Walter suggested, 'You might want to turn it around.' That's when I noticed …… I still had the throttles full forward. The plane flies every 1.6 seconds, well over the Mach 3.2 limit. It's the fastest we've ever flown.
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'He took a photo, turned it on, and only when the blue Mediterranean was safely outside the window did he back off the throttle.
Of course, this is not a hop-up model of the SR-71. This is a standard Blackbird, maintained and flying in excellent shape.
'So I imagine there will be a lot of debate about how fast the plane can fly, and if it goes faster than Mach 3.5, it's a well-kept secret for national security reasons.
'Schull's description of flight at Mach 3.5 or higher is the most detailed evidence of the SR-71's top speed.
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At speed, the J58 engine operates more like a ram jet than a turbo jet. The faster it flies, the more efficient it is.
What is important is that the inlet and exhaust temperatures must be closely monitored to stay within the design limits of the engine. In this mode, the machine sucks more than 100,000 cubic feet per second.
'The engine nails protrude 26 inches into the nacelles, and all engine inlet doors are closed except for the main and exhaust inlets.
'J58 engine inlet and nacelle, shock spike fully forward, position for engine start, take-off and cruise up to Mach 1.5. At speeds above Mach 1.5, the spike retracts into the 1.6″ nacelle for an additional 0.1 Mach, up to a full retract of 26 inches at Mach 3.2.
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This is done to capture the "normal" shock wave at the engine nacelle inlet and to slow the air for subsonic delivery in the engine's compressor stage.
Dario Leon Dario Leon is an aviation, defense and military writer. He is the founder and editor of "The Aviation Geek Club", one of the most read military aviation blogs in the world. His writing has appeared in the National Interest and other news media. He has been reporting from Europe and flying Super Puma and Cougar helicopters with the Swiss Air Force.
Cold War Era / Casualties and Air Safety / Military Aviation / Blackbird SR-71 Blackbird Pilot Explains Why Flying SR-71 With Full Afterburner Is Blackbird Aircrew's Most Dangerous Operation December 18, 2022By Linda Sheffield MillerCold Era 71 Blackbird / SR-71 Top Speed The SR-71 can reach Mach 3.5, but that speed can cause severe damage to the aircraft, says former Blackbird pilot April 17, 2022 Pietario Leone Aviation Humor / Cold War Era / Military Aviation / SR-71 / SR-71 Top Speed For French Air Force Pilots Mirage III ' The story of the crew of the Blackbird SR-71 who 'gave Birdie', put the afterburner and beat him August 17, 2021 By Dario Leone
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