Mach 9 Jet - Chinese researchers say they have successfully tested a hypersonic detonation engine that can propel aircraft up to Mach 9, which is nine times the speed of sound. Furthermore, the engine uses aviation kerosene as fuel, which does not bear the cost or risk of explosion caused by hydrogen solutions.
The research was published in a peer-reviewed paper and states that this is the first time a kerosene-based detonation engine has been tested in public.
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The detonation engine uses a series of shock waves to propel the aircraft forward by injecting fuel into an annular channel, before igniting it to form a controlled explosion. The shock wave then ignites the next round of fuel injected into the duct, creating a series of self-reinforcing explosions as combustion products are ejected from behind.
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These engines produce more power than hypersonic alternatives, such as the scramjet engine in which the US is investing, and are significantly more efficient at higher speeds. For moving goods or large travel, this can mean amazing cost savings.
The tests used the JF-12 hypersonic shock tunnel, the world's largest shock tunnel, which simulates hypersonic flight conditions. With a diameter of up to 3.5 meters (11.4 feet), the tunnel can simulate conditions from Mach 5 to Mach 9, allowing testing of hypersonic aircraft features and engines.
Detonation engines aren't a new concept, but the dream of using aviation kerosene has posed challenges for scientists, because it burns more slowly than hydrogen. Using kerosene requires a large chamber ten times longer than current hydrogen engines, and you can't just make things bigger when they're close to Mach 9.
To deal with this, Liu Yunfeng and colleagues from the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, came up with an ingenious yet simple solution — a small bump (they call it a "bulge") in the air inlet that allows the kerosene to explode further. Instantly as the air in the chamber rotates at a high speed, it hits the bump creating a small shock wave that helps ignite the fuel.
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Hypersonic flight is quickly becoming a smaller form of the space race, as countries around the world seek hypersonic technologies that can power missiles, passenger planes, and more. Airplanes traveling at such speeds are almost unstoppable with current technology, so the appeal to create viable engines is quickly ahead of research and development. At the UP.Summit Summit in Bentonville, Arkansas, Venus Aerospace, a startup producing hypersonic aircraft, unveiled the "Stargazer," the company's first hypersonic vehicle concept design.
The UP.Summit Summit, now in its fifth year, is an invitation-only event that brings together CEOs from some of the world's largest companies, founders of the most innovative startups and venture capitalists with over $1 trillion in assets under management.
UP Summit was formed in 2017 and is sponsored annually by the investment firm UP. in Bentonville, Arkansas, and Dallas/Ft. Worth, Texas.
The "Stargazer" is a proposed Mach 9 drone and a Mach 9 spaceplane, both of which are said to be capable of traveling around the world.
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The new Mach 9 hypersonic drone and spaceplane must be able to take off and land at subsonic speeds at normal airports before taking off at supersonic speeds. The "Stargazer" will be 100 feet (30.5 m) wide and 150 feet (46 m) long when complete, with a take-off weight of 150,000 pounds (68,039 kg). It can also accommodate 12 passengers.
According to the company, the Stargazer will stabilize and accelerate to Mach 9 after taking off from a normal airfield and arriving at 170,000 feet (51,817 meters). Distances that a normal plane would take most of the day are covered in about an hour.
Venus Aerospace is a "deep tech" startup founded by Sarah "Sassy" Dogleby and Dr. Andrew Dogleby. The company aspires to build a Mach 9 supersonic aircraft that will transport people around the world and back in time for dinner.
The disclosure is the culmination of extensive design work that began when the company was founded in 2020. Since then, Venus has secured nearly $33 million in investor funding. This funding came from a combination of leading venture capital investments, and $1 million in government funding.
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Venus also recently announced that it also raised $20 million in a Series A round led by Prime Movers Lab.
Venus has a dedicated and experienced team of aerospace, military, and R&D veterans working to push the boundaries of rapid transit.
The team is working on three key technologies: a next-generation zero-emissions rocket engine, unique aircraft design, and advanced cooling, all of which will allow the spaceplane to fly from existing airfields and space infrastructure.
Doglieby explained that the team wanted to keep windows in the design because the high-altitude views would be amazing. "We believe that the current window technology will allow us to do this," he said in an interview.
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He did not disclose the type of fuel the space plane would run on, but said it would leave no carbon footprint.
"We worked with NASA at the Johnson Space Center and had access to information from the sound barrier test from the space shuttle program," Doggleby said. "We've determined that at that altitude and speed you can't hear us — we're flying at 170,000 feet at Mach 9."
Things are looking pretty bright for the company, with record sizing in the past year or so. Within a short time, Venus and Bennett developed its technology test drive, conducted significant tests in hypersonic wind tunnels and propulsion test facilities across the United States, and began a ground test campaign at Spaceport Houston.
According to a press release, Venus will begin subsonic and hypersonic flight testing of its drone within the next year.
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